Nigeria’s Heart Bleeds: A case for Dangote Refinery, by Mahmud Shuaibu Ringim The international oil cartel is a formidable force, capable of crushing any new entrants into the oil market, such as Dangote Refinery in Nigeria. Known as “the Seven Sisters,” these powerful entities dominated offshore oil businesses and the downstream sector. In the early 1980s, they monopolised the supply of refined petroleum products in Nigeria, with local refineries distributing products through NNPC’s depots across the country. Crude oil was transported via NNPC’s pipeline to the refineries, where it was processed into various...